{
  "name": "SpeciesLine US",
  "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
  "scope": "A selected starting directory of 22 US veterinary facilities across 18 states and four regions, focused on species-specific urgent and emergency intake. Coverage is incomplete and is not a ranking or endorsement.",
  "method": "Primary operator and university web sources were reviewed on 25 October 2026. Evidence is recorded per location and species group. Explicit means a primary source links that group to urgent or emergency care; conditional preserves a limited service or incomplete link; unknown is not acceptance. Routine exotic care and blanket exotics wording are not expanded to all species. Published schedules do not establish live receiving, current capacity or continuous specialist presence. No operator was contacted. Phone formatting and two referral-field corrections are documented in the normalization notes; regional originals are preserved.",
  "stateNames": {
    "AL": "Alabama",
    "AK": "Alaska",
    "AZ": "Arizona",
    "AR": "Arkansas",
    "CA": "California",
    "CO": "Colorado",
    "CT": "Connecticut",
    "DE": "Delaware",
    "DC": "District of Columbia",
    "FL": "Florida",
    "GA": "Georgia",
    "HI": "Hawaii",
    "ID": "Idaho",
    "IL": "Illinois",
    "IN": "Indiana",
    "IA": "Iowa",
    "KS": "Kansas",
    "KY": "Kentucky",
    "LA": "Louisiana",
    "ME": "Maine",
    "MD": "Maryland",
    "MA": "Massachusetts",
    "MI": "Michigan",
    "MN": "Minnesota",
    "MS": "Mississippi",
    "MO": "Missouri",
    "MT": "Montana",
    "NE": "Nebraska",
    "NV": "Nevada",
    "NH": "New Hampshire",
    "NJ": "New Jersey",
    "NM": "New Mexico",
    "NY": "New York",
    "NC": "North Carolina",
    "ND": "North Dakota",
    "OH": "Ohio",
    "OK": "Oklahoma",
    "OR": "Oregon",
    "PA": "Pennsylvania",
    "RI": "Rhode Island",
    "SC": "South Carolina",
    "SD": "South Dakota",
    "TN": "Tennessee",
    "TX": "Texas",
    "UT": "Utah",
    "VT": "Vermont",
    "VA": "Virginia",
    "WA": "Washington",
    "WV": "West Virginia",
    "WI": "Wisconsin",
    "WY": "Wyoming"
  },
  "providers": [
    {
      "id": "ne-livs-plainview-ny",
      "name": "Long Island Veterinary Specialists (LIVS)",
      "city": "Plainview",
      "state": "NY",
      "region": "Northeast",
      "facilityType": "hospital",
      "address": "163 S Service Rd, Plainview, NY 11803",
      "phone": "+1-516-501-1700",
      "website": "https://www.livs.org/",
      "hours": {
        "label": "Emergency department: 24 hours daily, 365 days a year.",
        "coverage": "24/7",
        "timezone": "America/New_York"
      },
      "intake": {
        "callAhead": false,
        "referral": "unknown",
        "walkIns": true,
        "notes": [
          "The ER page permits calling or coming directly; emergencies need no appointment. No explicit referral requirement found."
        ]
      },
      "species": [
        {
          "id": "rabbit",
          "label": "Rabbits",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [],
          "sourceIds": [
            "livs-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "ferret",
          "label": "Ferrets",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [],
          "sourceIds": [
            "livs-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "bird",
          "label": "Birds",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [],
          "sourceIds": [
            "livs-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "reptile",
          "label": "Reptiles",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [],
          "sourceIds": [
            "livs-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "small-mammal",
          "label": "Other listed small mammals",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Listed examples include guinea pigs, rats, mice, gerbils, degus, chinchillas, hamsters, hedgehogs and sugar gliders."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "livs-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "amphibian",
          "label": "Amphibians",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Frogs, toads, salamanders and newts are named."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "livs-exotics"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        "The exotics page directly directs exotic emergencies to its 24/7 ER. This is published intake guidance, not live capacity or a promise that an exotics specialist is onsite at every hour."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "livs-exotics",
          "url": "https://www.livs.org/services/avians-and-exotics",
          "title": "Avians & Exotics",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "species",
            "species.emergencyStatus",
            "hours",
            "address",
            "phone"
          ],
          "accessNote": null
        },
        {
          "id": "livs-er",
          "url": "https://www.livs.org/services/emergency",
          "title": "Emergency & Critical Care",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "hours",
            "intake.callAhead",
            "intake.walkIns"
          ],
          "accessNote": null
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ne-cornell-companion-ithaca-ny",
      "name": "Cornell University Hospital for Animals — Companion Animal Hospital",
      "city": "Ithaca",
      "state": "NY",
      "region": "Northeast",
      "facilityType": "university",
      "address": "930 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY 14853",
      "phone": "+1-607-253-3060",
      "website": "https://www.vet.cornell.edu/hospitals/companion-animal-hospital",
      "hours": {
        "label": "Hospital emergency service: 24/7/365. Exotic Pets Service scheduled appointments: Monday–Thursday, 9am–2pm.",
        "coverage": "24/7",
        "timezone": "America/New_York"
      },
      "intake": {
        "callAhead": true,
        "referral": "unknown",
        "walkIns": null,
        "notes": [
          "The emergency page directs callers to the companion-animal number. The general appointment FAQ waives referrals for scheduled appointments; emergency-specific referral and walk-in wording was not confirmed."
        ]
      },
      "species": [
        {
          "id": "rabbit",
          "label": "Rabbits",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [],
          "sourceIds": [
            "cornell-exotics",
            "cornell-er"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "ferret",
          "label": "Ferrets",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "The operator requires a valid rabies certificate on arrival; without it, evaluation may be refused."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "cornell-exotics",
            "cornell-er"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "bird",
          "label": "Birds",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [],
          "sourceIds": [
            "cornell-exotics",
            "cornell-er"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "reptile",
          "label": "Reptiles",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Exotic Pets Service excludes venomous snakes."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "cornell-exotics",
            "cornell-er"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "small-mammal",
          "label": "Other exotic mammals",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Rodents and guinea pigs are specifically named on the service page."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "cornell-exotics",
            "cornell-er"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "amphibian",
          "label": "Amphibians",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [],
          "sourceIds": [
            "cornell-exotics",
            "cornell-er"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        "The Exotic Pets Service explicitly provides emergency and critical care. Its scheduled clinic hours are separate from hospital ER hours; continuous specialist presence is not asserted.",
        "The hospital warns some GPS devices misroute 930 Campus Road; check the operator's directions."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "cornell-exotics",
          "url": "https://www.vet.cornell.edu/hospitals/services/exotic-pets-service",
          "title": "Exotic Pets Service",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "species",
            "species.emergencyStatus",
            "species.conditions",
            "hours.label"
          ],
          "accessNote": null
        },
        {
          "id": "cornell-er",
          "url": "https://www.vet.cornell.edu/emergencies",
          "title": "Emergencies",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "hours.coverage",
            "phone",
            "intake.callAhead"
          ],
          "accessNote": null
        },
        {
          "id": "cornell-directions",
          "url": "https://www.vet.cornell.edu/hospitals/companion-animal-hospital/cornells-companion-animal-hospital",
          "title": "Cornell's Companion Animal Hospital",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "address",
            "notes"
          ],
          "accessNote": null
        },
        {
          "id": "cornell-faq",
          "url": "https://www.vet.cornell.edu/hospitals/frequently-asked-questions",
          "title": "Frequently Asked Questions",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "intake.notes"
          ],
          "accessNote": null
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ne-mount-laurel-nj",
      "name": "Mount Laurel Animal Hospital",
      "city": "Mount Laurel",
      "state": "NJ",
      "region": "Northeast",
      "facilityType": "hospital",
      "address": "220 Mount Laurel Road, Mount Laurel, NJ 08054",
      "phone": "+1-856-234-7626",
      "website": "https://mlahvet.com/",
      "hours": {
        "label": "Emergency service: 24 hours daily, 365 days a year. Exotics appointments are offered 6–7 days a week.",
        "coverage": "24/7",
        "timezone": "America/New_York"
      },
      "intake": {
        "callAhead": false,
        "referral": "unknown",
        "walkIns": true,
        "notes": [
          "The ER page permits visiting or calling and explicitly welcomes walk-ins. No explicit referral rule found."
        ]
      },
      "species": [
        {
          "id": "rabbit",
          "label": "Rabbits",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [],
          "sourceIds": [
            "mlah-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "ferret",
          "label": "Ferrets",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [],
          "sourceIds": [
            "mlah-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "bird",
          "label": "Birds",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Native New Jersey wildlife require a permit before scheduling."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "mlah-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "reptile",
          "label": "Reptiles",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Venomous species excluded; native New Jersey wildlife permit condition applies."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "mlah-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "small-mammal",
          "label": "Other listed small mammals",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Includes guinea pigs, chinchillas, rats, mice, hamsters, gerbils, degus, hedgehogs and sugar gliders."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "mlah-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "amphibian",
          "label": "Amphibians",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Frogs, toads, newts, salamanders and axolotls named; native wildlife permit condition applies."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "mlah-exotics"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        "Current detailed exotics page directly states round-the-clock exotic emergency handling by ER staff. This does not establish an exotics specialist is onsite 24/7 or live acceptance."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "mlah-exotics",
          "url": "https://mlahvet.com/avian-exotic/",
          "title": "Avian & Exotics",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "species",
            "species.emergencyStatus",
            "species.conditions",
            "hours",
            "address",
            "phone"
          ],
          "accessNote": "Reached from /exotic-species/, which redirects to this current detailed page; not relying on the older 2018 PDF."
        },
        {
          "id": "mlah-er",
          "url": "https://mlahvet.com/247-emergency/",
          "title": "24/7 Emergency",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "hours",
            "intake.callAhead",
            "intake.walkIns"
          ],
          "accessNote": null
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ne-angell-boston-ma",
      "name": "MSPCA-Angell Animal Medical Center — Boston",
      "city": "Boston",
      "state": "MA",
      "region": "Northeast",
      "facilityType": "hospital",
      "address": "350 South Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02130",
      "phone": "+1-617-522-7282",
      "website": "https://www.mspca.org/veterinarycare/hospital-locations/boston/",
      "hours": {
        "label": "Boston ER: 24/7. Avian and Exotic Medicine scheduled appointments: 8:30am–5pm daily.",
        "coverage": "24/7",
        "timezone": "America/New_York"
      },
      "intake": {
        "callAhead": true,
        "referral": "unknown",
        "walkIns": true,
        "notes": [
          "ER page asks callers to use 617-522-7282. Client information additionally lists 617-524-5660 for calling before travel whenever possible.",
          "Unplanned ER arrivals check in at the Emergency Front Desk. Avian/exotic patients first see an ER doctor for stabilization.",
          "Client entrance is the South Entrance at the rear of the building, beside the client parking lot."
        ]
      },
      "species": [
        {
          "id": "rabbit",
          "label": "Rabbits",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "Rabbits are named for dental care, while ER guidance covers avian/exotic pets generally; rabbit-specific emergency acceptance should be confirmed by phone."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "angell-exotics",
            "angell-client"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "ferret",
          "label": "Ferrets",
          "emergencyStatus": "unknown",
          "conditions": [
            "Ferrets were not named on the reviewed current intake/service pages."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "angell-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "bird",
          "label": "Birds",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [],
          "sourceIds": [
            "angell-exotics",
            "angell-client"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "reptile",
          "label": "Reptiles",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [],
          "sourceIds": [
            "angell-exotics",
            "angell-client"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "small-mammal",
          "label": "Small mammals",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Category explicitly named; confirm the individual species."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "angell-exotics",
            "angell-client"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "amphibian",
          "label": "Amphibians",
          "emergencyStatus": "unknown",
          "conditions": [
            "Amphibians were not named on the reviewed current pages."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "angell-exotics"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        "The service page explicitly offers emergency care for birds, reptiles and small mammals; client ER guidance specifically covers avian/exotic arrivals. Scheduled specialty hours are not continuous ER specialist coverage.",
        "Two different emergency telephone numbers are currently published; the primary phone above matches the dedicated Boston ER page."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "angell-exotics",
          "url": "https://www.mspca.org/veterinarycare/hospital-locations/boston/avian-and-exotic-medicine/",
          "title": "Avian & Exotic Vet Care in Boston",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "species",
            "species.emergencyStatus",
            "hours.label",
            "address"
          ],
          "accessNote": null
        },
        {
          "id": "angell-er",
          "url": "https://www.mspca.org/veterinarycare/hospital-locations/boston/24-7-emergency-critical-care/",
          "title": "24/7 Emergency Vet Care in Boston",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "hours.coverage",
            "phone",
            "intake.callAhead"
          ],
          "accessNote": null
        },
        {
          "id": "angell-client",
          "url": "https://www.mspca.org/client-information/",
          "title": "Resources for Angell Patients & Clients",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "intake",
            "species.emergencyStatus",
            "notes"
          ],
          "accessNote": "Successfully read emergency instructions; later repeat fetches intermittently timed out. Species-specific treatment capacity was not checked by phone."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ne-veg-northern-liberties-pa",
      "name": "VEG ER for Pets — Northern Liberties",
      "city": "Philadelphia",
      "state": "PA",
      "region": "Northeast",
      "facilityType": "hospital",
      "address": "180 West Girard Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19123",
      "phone": "+1-267-351-8440",
      "website": "https://www.veg.com/locations/pennsylvania/northern-liberties",
      "hours": {
        "label": "Emergency hospital: 24 hours daily, including weekends and holidays.",
        "coverage": "24/7",
        "timezone": "America/New_York"
      },
      "intake": {
        "callAhead": true,
        "referral": "unknown",
        "walkIns": true,
        "notes": [
          "Calling first is recommended, not required. Walk-ins are accepted without an appointment. No explicit referral rule found."
        ]
      },
      "species": [
        {
          "id": "rabbit",
          "label": "Rabbits",
          "emergencyStatus": "unknown",
          "conditions": [
            "This facility page's emergency species list does not specifically name rabbits."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "veg-nl"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "ferret",
          "label": "Ferrets",
          "emergencyStatus": "unknown",
          "conditions": [
            "This facility page's emergency species list does not specifically name ferrets."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "veg-nl"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "bird",
          "label": "Birds",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [],
          "sourceIds": [
            "veg-nl"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "reptile",
          "label": "Reptiles",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [],
          "sourceIds": [
            "veg-nl"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "small-mammal",
          "label": "Rodents",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "The facility explicitly names rodents; no acceptance inferred for every small-mammal species."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "veg-nl"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "amphibian",
          "label": "Amphibians",
          "emergencyStatus": "unknown",
          "conditions": [
            "The facility page does not specifically name amphibians."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "veg-nl"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        "The facility's own page explicitly connects birds, reptiles and rodents with emergency care.",
        "The operator says its Philadelphia Walnut Street hospital closed in March 2026; this is the Northern Liberties facility and current published number.",
        "The entrance is on the ground floor of the Acme parking garage. Published hours and services do not establish live capacity."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "veg-nl",
          "url": "https://www.veg.com/locations/pennsylvania/northern-liberties",
          "title": "24 Hour Emergency Vet in Philadelphia, PA",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "address",
            "phone",
            "hours",
            "intake",
            "species",
            "notes"
          ],
          "accessNote": "Facility-specific body used; generic page-header template shows another location's phone and was excluded."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ne-pieper-memorial-ct",
      "name": "Pieper Memorial Veterinary Center",
      "city": "Middletown",
      "state": "CT",
      "region": "Northeast",
      "facilityType": "hospital",
      "address": "730 Randolph Road, Middletown, CT 06457",
      "phone": "+1-860-347-8387",
      "website": "https://pieperveterinary.com/locations/middletown-pieper-memorial/",
      "hours": {
        "label": "Hospital ER: 24/7. Exotics specialist: Wednesday–Saturday; service pages disagree between 8am–5pm and 9am–5pm. Confirm specialist hours by phone.",
        "coverage": "24/7",
        "timezone": "America/New_York"
      },
      "intake": {
        "callAhead": true,
        "referral": "unknown",
        "walkIns": true,
        "notes": [
          "The location page directs emergency calls to 860-347-8387. General ER instructions describe triage on arrival; no explicit referral rule found.",
          "After-hours exotics receive basic ER triage/stabilization; specialist consultation or transfer depends on the case."
        ]
      },
      "species": [
        {
          "id": "rabbit",
          "label": "Domestic rabbits",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "After-hours service is limited to basic ER assessment/triage for some conditions; call to confirm the case."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "pieper-exotics",
            "pieper-faq"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "ferret",
          "label": "Ferrets",
          "emergencyStatus": "unknown",
          "conditions": [
            "Ferrets appear in the wellness FAQ but not the reviewed emergency species list; urgent acceptance is unconfirmed."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "pieper-faq",
            "pieper-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "bird",
          "label": "Listed birds",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "After-hours basic ER assessment/triage only for some conditions; Monk/Quaker parrots excluded from listed parrots."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "pieper-exotics",
            "pieper-faq"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "reptile",
          "label": "Nonvenomous reptiles",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "Legal ownership/permits required. After-hours basic ER assessment/triage for some conditions."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "pieper-exotics",
            "pieper-reptiles",
            "pieper-faq"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "small-mammal",
          "label": "Listed small mammals",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "Listed rodents, hedgehogs and sugar gliders; after-hours assessment/triage is limited."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "pieper-exotics",
            "pieper-faq"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "amphibian",
          "label": "Amphibians",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "Frogs, salamanders and newts named. Legal ownership/permits and limited after-hours triage apply."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "pieper-exotics",
            "pieper-reptiles",
            "pieper-faq"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        "The operator explicitly says the exotics team is not available 24/7; ER veterinarians provide initial stabilization. Do not label this as continuous exotics-specialist care.",
        "Wild native animals should go to a state-appointed rehabilitator; this record concerns legally owned/permitted patients."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "pieper-location",
          "url": "https://pieperveterinary.com/locations/middletown-pieper-memorial/",
          "title": "Pieper Memorial Veterinary Center",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "address",
            "phone",
            "hours.coverage",
            "intake.callAhead"
          ],
          "accessNote": null
        },
        {
          "id": "pieper-exotics",
          "url": "https://pieperveterinary.com/specialty-services/avian-and-exotics/",
          "title": "Avian & Exotic Pet Veterinary Care",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "species",
            "species.conditions",
            "hours.label",
            "notes"
          ],
          "accessNote": null
        },
        {
          "id": "pieper-faq",
          "url": "https://pieperveterinary.com/specialty-services/avian-and-exotics/avian-and-exotics-faqs/",
          "title": "Avian and Exotics FAQs",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "species.emergencyStatus",
            "species.conditions",
            "notes"
          ],
          "accessNote": null
        },
        {
          "id": "pieper-reptiles",
          "url": "https://pieperveterinary.com/specialty-services/avian-and-exotics/reptile-veterinary-care/",
          "title": "Reptile Veterinary Care",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "species",
            "species.conditions",
            "hours.label"
          ],
          "accessNote": null
        },
        {
          "id": "pieper-arrival",
          "url": "https://pieperveterinary.com/visiting-the-er/",
          "title": "When To Bring Your Pet to the Emergency Room",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "intake.walkIns"
          ],
          "accessNote": null
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "medvet-hilliard",
      "name": "MedVet Hilliard",
      "city": "Hilliard",
      "state": "OH",
      "region": "Midwest",
      "address": "4050 Britton Parkway, Hilliard, OH 43026",
      "phone": "+1-614-870-0480",
      "website": "https://www.medvet.com/location/hilliard/",
      "facilityType": "hospital",
      "hours": {
        "label": "Emergency department published as 24/7. Confirm species-specific staffing before travelling.",
        "coverage": "24/7",
        "timezone": "America/New_York"
      },
      "intake": {
        "callAhead": null,
        "referral": "not-required",
        "walkIns": true,
        "notes": [
          "Emergency patients may arrive without an appointment. Calling to confirm species and capacity remains prudent."
        ]
      },
      "species": [
        {
          "id": "dog",
          "label": "Dogs",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [],
          "sourceIds": [
            "mh-location"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "cat",
          "label": "Cats",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [],
          "sourceIds": [
            "mh-location"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "bird",
          "label": "Birds",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [],
          "sourceIds": [
            "mh-location"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "rabbit",
          "label": "Rabbits",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "The named exotics service is at Hilliard; do not transfer this species list to other MedVet branches. Confirm your exact species and staff availability."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "mh-location",
            "mh-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "ferret",
          "label": "Ferrets",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "The named exotics service is at Hilliard; do not transfer this species list to other MedVet branches. Confirm your exact species and staff availability."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "mh-location",
            "mh-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "small-mammal",
          "label": "Small mammals; confirm exact species",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "The named exotics service is at Hilliard; do not transfer this species list to other MedVet branches. Confirm your exact species and staff availability."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "mh-location",
            "mh-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "reptile",
          "label": "Non-venomous reptiles; confirm exact species",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "The named exotics service is at Hilliard; do not transfer this species list to other MedVet branches. Confirm your exact species and staff availability."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "mh-location",
            "mh-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "amphibian",
          "label": "Amphibians",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "The named exotics service is at Hilliard; do not transfer this species list to other MedVet branches. Confirm your exact species and staff availability."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "mh-location",
            "mh-exotics"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        "Published emergency and specialty scope is not live admission confirmation.",
        "The location moved in 2025; the current operator location page supplies the Britton Parkway address."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "mh-location",
          "url": "https://www.medvet.com/location/hilliard/",
          "title": "Hilliard emergency location",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "hours",
            "phone",
            "address",
            "emergency-species",
            "walk-ins"
          ],
          "accessNote": null
        },
        {
          "id": "mh-exotics",
          "url": "https://www.medvet.com/specialty/avian-exotics/",
          "title": "Hilliard avian and exotics species",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "species",
            "service-scope"
          ],
          "accessNote": null
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "illinois-small-animal-er",
      "name": "University of Illinois — Small Animal Emergency",
      "city": "Urbana",
      "state": "IL",
      "region": "Midwest",
      "address": "1008 W. Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL",
      "phone": "+1-217-333-5300",
      "website": "https://vetmed.illinois.edu/hospital/veterinary-teaching-hospital/emergency-24-7/",
      "facilityType": "university",
      "hours": {
        "label": "Small animal ER published as 24 hours daily, 365 days a year. Specialty team availability requires confirmation.",
        "coverage": "24/7",
        "timezone": "America/Chicago"
      },
      "intake": {
        "callAhead": null,
        "referral": "not-required",
        "walkIns": true,
        "notes": [
          "Public emergency walk-ins are described on the referral information page.",
          "An examination fee and signed authorization are required before the clinician evaluation; amount is not stated in these sources.",
          "The operator publishes changing triage levels. No live triage level is copied into this snapshot."
        ]
      },
      "species": [
        {
          "id": "dog",
          "label": "Dogs",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [],
          "sourceIds": [
            "ui-er"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "cat",
          "label": "Cats",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [],
          "sourceIds": [
            "ui-er"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "rabbit",
          "label": "Rabbits",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "ER page explicitly includes zoological companion species; the zoological service supplies the named species list. Call to confirm your particular animal.",
            "The zoological daytime clinic is at 2100 S. Goodwin Avenue; the emergency entrance in this record is 1008 W. Hazelwood Drive."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "ui-er",
            "ui-zoo"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "ferret",
          "label": "Ferrets",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "ER page explicitly includes zoological companion species; the zoological service supplies the named species list. Call to confirm your particular animal.",
            "The zoological daytime clinic is at 2100 S. Goodwin Avenue; the emergency entrance in this record is 1008 W. Hazelwood Drive."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "ui-er",
            "ui-zoo"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "bird",
          "label": "Birds",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "ER page explicitly includes zoological companion species; the zoological service supplies the named species list. Call to confirm your particular animal.",
            "The zoological daytime clinic is at 2100 S. Goodwin Avenue; the emergency entrance in this record is 1008 W. Hazelwood Drive."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "ui-er",
            "ui-zoo"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "reptile",
          "label": "Non-venomous reptiles; confirm exact species",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "ER page explicitly includes zoological companion species; the zoological service supplies the named species list. Call to confirm your particular animal.",
            "The zoological daytime clinic is at 2100 S. Goodwin Avenue; the emergency entrance in this record is 1008 W. Hazelwood Drive."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "ui-er",
            "ui-zoo"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "small-mammal",
          "label": "Small mammals; confirm exact species",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "ER page explicitly includes zoological companion species; the zoological service supplies the named species list. Call to confirm your particular animal.",
            "The zoological daytime clinic is at 2100 S. Goodwin Avenue; the emergency entrance in this record is 1008 W. Hazelwood Drive."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "ui-er",
            "ui-zoo"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "amphibian",
          "label": "Amphibians",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "ER page explicitly includes zoological companion species; the zoological service supplies the named species list. Call to confirm your particular animal.",
            "The zoological daytime clinic is at 2100 S. Goodwin Avenue; the emergency entrance in this record is 1008 W. Hazelwood Drive."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "ui-er",
            "ui-zoo"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        "Zoological service excludes primates, skunks and venomous species. Some wildlife/exotic species require paperwork.",
        "This record covers the small animal ER, not the separate large animal intake."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "ui-er",
          "url": "https://vetmed.illinois.edu/hospital/veterinary-teaching-hospital/emergency-24-7/",
          "title": "Emergency scope and entrance",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "hours",
            "phone",
            "address",
            "emergency-species",
            "exam-policy"
          ],
          "accessNote": null
        },
        {
          "id": "ui-zoo",
          "url": "https://vetmed.illinois.edu/hospital/veterinary-teaching-hospital/veterinary-specialties/exotics-zoo-medicine/",
          "title": "Zoological service species and exclusions",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "species",
            "exclusions",
            "daytime-address"
          ],
          "accessNote": null
        },
        {
          "id": "ui-ref",
          "url": "https://vetmed.illinois.edu/hospital/referral-services/",
          "title": "Public emergency receiving and changing triage policy",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "walk-ins",
            "triage-policy"
          ],
          "accessNote": null
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "purdue-equine-farm-er",
      "name": "Purdue University — Equine & Farm Animal Emergency",
      "city": "West Lafayette",
      "state": "IN",
      "region": "Midwest",
      "address": "625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907",
      "phone": "+1-765-494-8548",
      "website": "https://vet.purdue.edu/hospital/emergencies.php",
      "facilityType": "university",
      "hours": {
        "label": "Emergency service published as 24 hours daily, 365 days a year. Call the relevant large animal line first.",
        "coverage": "24/7",
        "timezone": "America/Indiana/Indianapolis"
      },
      "intake": {
        "callAhead": true,
        "referral": "unknown",
        "walkIns": null,
        "notes": [
          "Tell the operator there is an animal emergency; the on-call clinician will contact you.",
          "Referring veterinarians must speak with an emergency clinician before referral.",
          "Equine: Entrance E lobby, or Door 3 after 5 p.m. and weekends. Farm animals: Entrance C drive aisle / Entrance D client entrance. Confirm unloading instructions."
        ]
      },
      "species": [
        {
          "id": "horse",
          "label": "Horses",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Equine and farm animal emergency routes share the published number. Confirm exact animal, transport arrangements and entrance."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "pu-er"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "farm",
          "label": "Farm animals; confirm exact species",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Equine and farm animal emergency routes share the published number. Confirm exact animal, transport arrangements and entrance."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "pu-er"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        "Dog/cat or exotic pet emergencies use a different phone line and are not covered by this large animal record.",
        "Do not assume walk-in or ambulatory farm visits are available without a clinician response."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "pu-er",
          "url": "https://vet.purdue.edu/hospital/emergencies.php",
          "title": "Purdue emergency numbers and entrances",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": "2026-06-18",
          "fields": [
            "hours",
            "phone",
            "address",
            "species",
            "call-ahead",
            "referral",
            "entrances"
          ],
          "accessNote": null
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "chicago-exotics-skokie",
      "name": "Chicago Exotics Animal Hospital",
      "city": "Skokie",
      "state": "IL",
      "region": "Midwest",
      "address": "3757 W. Dempster Street, Skokie, IL 60076",
      "phone": "+1-847-329-8709",
      "website": "https://www.exoticpetvet.com/emergency-care.html",
      "facilityType": "hospital",
      "hours": {
        "label": "Mon–Fri 8 a.m.–6 p.m.; Sat 8 a.m.–2 p.m.; Sun closed. Limited same-day emergency appointments; calls invited from 7:30 a.m. Not an overnight ER.",
        "coverage": "scheduled",
        "timezone": "America/Chicago"
      },
      "intake": {
        "callAhead": true,
        "referral": "unknown",
        "walkIns": null,
        "notes": [
          "Call early to ask for one of the limited same-day emergency appointments.",
          "After-hours facilities listed on the operator page are separate providers, not this hospital staying open."
        ]
      },
      "species": [
        {
          "id": "rabbit",
          "label": "Rabbits",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "The emergency page discusses these groups and offers limited same-day appointments. Exact-species acceptance and a slot must be confirmed by phone."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "ce-er",
            "ce-home"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "ferret",
          "label": "Ferrets",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "The emergency page discusses these groups and offers limited same-day appointments. Exact-species acceptance and a slot must be confirmed by phone."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "ce-er",
            "ce-home"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "bird",
          "label": "Birds",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "The emergency page discusses these groups and offers limited same-day appointments. Exact-species acceptance and a slot must be confirmed by phone."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "ce-er",
            "ce-home"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "reptile",
          "label": "Non-venomous reptiles; confirm exact species",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "The emergency page discusses these groups and offers limited same-day appointments. Exact-species acceptance and a slot must be confirmed by phone."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "ce-er",
            "ce-home"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "small-mammal",
          "label": "Small mammals; confirm exact species",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "The emergency page discusses these groups and offers limited same-day appointments. Exact-species acceptance and a slot must be confirmed by phone."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "ce-er",
            "ce-home"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "amphibian",
          "label": "Amphibians",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "The emergency page discusses these groups and offers limited same-day appointments. Exact-species acceptance and a slot must be confirmed by phone."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "ce-er",
            "ce-home"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        "The primary home/contact page gives Skokie, not an inferred Chicago city-center location.",
        "This record does not establish after-hours receiving, a guaranteed same-day appointment or referral policy."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "ce-er",
          "url": "https://www.exoticpetvet.com/emergency-care.html",
          "title": "Limited same-day exotic emergency intake",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "species",
            "call-ahead",
            "appointment-limits",
            "after-hours"
          ],
          "accessNote": null
        },
        {
          "id": "ce-home",
          "url": "https://www.exoticpetvet.com/",
          "title": "Operator location, hours and species scope",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "address",
            "hours",
            "phone",
            "species"
          ],
          "accessNote": null
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "south-aehnt-grapevine-tx",
      "name": "Animal Emergency Hospital of North Texas",
      "city": "Grapevine",
      "state": "TX",
      "region": "South",
      "address": "2700 West State Hwy 114, Grapevine, TX 76051",
      "phone": "+1-817-410-2273",
      "website": "https://www.aehnt.com/",
      "facilityType": "hospital",
      "hours": {
        "label": "Hospital emergency care: 24 hours daily, 365 days a year.",
        "coverage": "24/7",
        "timezone": "America/Chicago"
      },
      "intake": {
        "callAhead": true,
        "referral": "unknown",
        "walkIns": null,
        "notes": [
          "The hospital encourages calls about possible emergencies; a mandatory pre-arrival call or referral requirement was not established.",
          "Confirm the individual species and current intake by phone."
        ]
      },
      "species": [
        {
          "id": "dog",
          "label": "Dogs",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [],
          "sourceIds": [
            "aehnt-er"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "cat",
          "label": "Cats",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [],
          "sourceIds": [
            "aehnt-er"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "rabbit",
          "label": "Rabbits",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "ER treatment, stabilization and overnight care; exotic specialist care is separate."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "aehnt-exotics",
            "aehnt-faq"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "ferret",
          "label": "Ferrets",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Named in the emergency hospital FAQ; exotic specialist care is separate."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "aehnt-faq",
            "aehnt-er"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "bird",
          "label": "Birds, including chickens",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Emus are expressly excluded.",
            "Exotic specialist care is separate."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "aehnt-exotics",
            "aehnt-faq"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "reptile",
          "label": "Reptiles; venomous snakes excluded",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "The exotic emergency page excludes venomous snakes.",
            "Exotic specialist care is separate."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "aehnt-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "small-mammal",
          "label": "Pocket pets",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "The page uses the broad term pocket pets; verify an unlisted species by phone.",
            "Exotic specialist care is separate."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "aehnt-exotics"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        "The exotic emergency page expressly distinguishes its emergency veterinarians from exotic specialists; specialty referrals at the co-located Texas Avian and Exotic Hospital are during that service's business hours.",
        "The hospital excludes hoofstock, venomous snakes, monkeys, emus and bats. This record does not extend those services to excluded animals.",
        "The operator contact page publishes the street address without a building number; no building number has been inferred.",
        "Published service and hours do not establish live capacity or exotic specialist availability."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aehnt-er",
          "url": "https://www.aehnt.com/services/emergency",
          "title": "Emergency Veterinary Care in Grapevine, TX",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "facilityType",
            "hours",
            "intake.callAhead",
            "species.dog",
            "species.cat",
            "species.emergencyStatus"
          ],
          "accessNote": "Public operator page: all doctors treat avian and exotic species on an emergency basis; hospital provides emergency and critical care only."
        },
        {
          "id": "aehnt-exotics",
          "url": "https://www.aehnt.com/services/exotic-emergency-care",
          "title": "Exotic Emergency Care",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "species.rabbit",
            "species.bird",
            "species.reptile",
            "species.small-mammal",
            "notes"
          ],
          "accessNote": "Names birds, rabbits, pocket pets and reptiles for emergency/overnight critical care; expressly states emergency doctors are not specialists in these species."
        },
        {
          "id": "aehnt-faq",
          "url": "https://www.aehnt.com/faq",
          "title": "Frequently Asked Questions",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "hours",
            "species.ferret",
            "species.bird",
            "intake.callAhead"
          ],
          "accessNote": "Lists dogs, cats, birds, chickens, ferrets, rabbits and reptiles at the emergency hospital; states 24/7/365 hours."
        },
        {
          "id": "aehnt-contact",
          "url": "https://www.aehnt.com/contact-us",
          "title": "Contact Us",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "address",
            "phone",
            "hours"
          ],
          "accessNote": "Operator contact page; street address, phone and daily 24-hour schedule retrieved."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "south-emergency-pet-clinic-garland-tx",
      "name": "Emergency Pet Clinic of Texas",
      "city": "Garland",
      "state": "TX",
      "region": "South",
      "address": "1901 Northwest Hwy #107, Garland, TX 75041",
      "phone": "+1-469-546-5385",
      "website": "https://erpettx.com/",
      "facilityType": "urgent-clinic",
      "hours": {
        "label": "Published regular emergency schedule: Thursday 7pm through Monday 7pm continuously; holiday hours may vary. An undated September closure notice also appears; call to confirm.",
        "coverage": "scheduled",
        "timezone": "America/Chicago"
      },
      "intake": {
        "callAhead": true,
        "referral": "unknown",
        "walkIns": true,
        "notes": [
          "Walk-ins welcome, but the operator specifically asks exotic-pet owners to call before heading in so it can confirm the animal's needs can be met.",
          "No referral requirement was established from the reviewed page."
        ]
      },
      "species": [
        {
          "id": "rabbit",
          "label": "Rabbits",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Call ahead to ensure the species' needs can be met.",
            "During the clinic's published emergency schedule."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "garland-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "ferret",
          "label": "Ferrets",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Call ahead to ensure the species' needs can be met.",
            "During the clinic's published emergency schedule."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "garland-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "reptile",
          "label": "Reptiles, including snakes and bearded dragons",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Call ahead to ensure the species' needs can be met.",
            "The page does not specify venomous-snake acceptance.",
            "During the clinic's published emergency schedule."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "garland-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "small-mammal",
          "label": "Guinea pigs and hamsters",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Call ahead to ensure the species' needs can be met.",
            "During the clinic's published emergency schedule."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "garland-exotics"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        "The species-specific page explicitly describes emergency and critical care and hospitalization; this is not an inference from routine exotic care.",
        "Despite the page title containing 24-hour wording, its published regular weekly schedule is Thursday evening through Monday evening.",
        "A September 17–21 closure notice gives no year. Its relevance on the check date is unknown; it has not been treated as a current closure or dismissed as stale.",
        "Published capability does not establish present staffing or live intake."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "garland-exotics",
          "url": "https://erpettx.com/services/exotic-animal-emergency-care/",
          "title": "Exotic Animal Emergency Care in Garland, TX",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "address",
            "phone",
            "hours",
            "intake.callAhead",
            "intake.walkIns",
            "species",
            "notes"
          ],
          "accessNote": "Operator page explicitly names emergency care for reptiles, ferrets, guinea pigs, hamsters and rabbits. Footer states walk-ins welcome, exotics call ahead, Thu 7pm–Mon 7pm and holiday variation; an undated September closure banner remains visible."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "south-gvets-watkinsville-ga",
      "name": "Georgia Veterinary Emergency and Triage Services (GVETS)",
      "city": "Watkinsville",
      "state": "GA",
      "region": "South",
      "address": "1971 South Bishop Farms Parkway, Watkinsville, GA 30677",
      "phone": "+1-706-715-4838",
      "website": "https://emergencyvetga.com/",
      "facilityType": "hospital",
      "hours": {
        "label": "Monday–Thursday 6pm–8am; Friday 6pm through Monday 8am continuously. Operator also advertises major-holiday service.",
        "coverage": "scheduled",
        "timezone": "America/New_York"
      },
      "intake": {
        "callAhead": true,
        "referral": "not-required",
        "walkIns": true,
        "notes": [
          "The operator says it accepts walk-ins whenever open and appointments are never needed; calling ahead if possible is requested to prepare for arrival.",
          "Walk-in owner intake is advertised directly; a referring veterinarian is not stated as a prerequisite."
        ]
      },
      "species": [
        {
          "id": "rabbit",
          "label": "Rabbits",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "After-hours emergency schedule; call ahead if possible."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "gvets-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "ferret",
          "label": "Ferrets",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "After-hours emergency schedule; call ahead if possible."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "gvets-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "bird",
          "label": "Birds, including pet birds, backyard poultry and waterfowl",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "After-hours emergency schedule; call ahead if possible."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "gvets-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "small-mammal",
          "label": "Guinea pigs, rats, hamsters, chinchillas, hedgehogs, sugar gliders, gerbils and mice",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "After-hours emergency schedule; call ahead if possible."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "gvets-exotics"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        "The emergency species list names birds and small mammals. Reptile photographs on the page have not been treated as evidence of reptile acceptance.",
        "Published overnight exotic care does not establish live capacity or a board-certified exotic specialist on duty."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "gvets-exotics",
          "url": "https://emergencyvetga.com/emergency-vet-exotic-pets/",
          "title": "Exotic Pet Emergency Veterinary Services in Georgia",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "address",
            "phone",
            "hours",
            "intake",
            "species",
            "notes"
          ],
          "accessNote": "Operator page explicitly lists emergency care for birds, rabbits, ferrets and other named small mammals, overnight service, walk-in policy, contact details and schedule."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "south-nc-state-raleigh-nc",
      "name": "NC State Veterinary Hospital — Small Animal Emergency Clinic",
      "city": "Raleigh",
      "state": "NC",
      "region": "South",
      "address": "1052 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607",
      "phone": "+1-919-513-6911",
      "website": "https://hospital.cvm.ncsu.edu/clients/emergency/",
      "facilityType": "university",
      "hours": {
        "label": "General small-animal ER: 24/7/365. Exotic emergency service: limited availability seven days/week, 8am–5pm; separate exotics page describes narrower after-hours access. Call before travel.",
        "coverage": "24/7",
        "timezone": "America/New_York"
      },
      "intake": {
        "callAhead": true,
        "referral": "not-required",
        "walkIns": true,
        "notes": [
          "Emergency page: no appointment needed; calling ahead encouraged. Exotics service welcomes the public as well as veterinary referrals.",
          "Exotic-species acceptance is conditional on service availability; the general ER hours must not be read as unrestricted 24-hour exotic intake."
        ]
      },
      "species": [
        {
          "id": "rabbit",
          "label": "Rabbits",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "Emergency page limits exotic emergency availability to seven days/week 8am–5pm.",
            "The exotics page separately describes after-hours access for species not routinely cared for by other ER hospitals; confirm directly."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "ncsu-er",
            "ncsu-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "ferret",
          "label": "Ferrets",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "Limited exotic emergency availability, normally 8am–5pm seven days/week; call to confirm.",
            "After-hours wording is narrower on the exotics page."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "ncsu-er",
            "ncsu-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "bird",
          "label": "Caged birds, falconry raptors, pigeons and backyard poultry",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "Limited exotic emergency availability, normally 8am–5pm seven days/week; call to confirm.",
            "After-hours wording is narrower on the exotics page."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "ncsu-er",
            "ncsu-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "reptile",
          "label": "Nonvenomous reptiles",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "Only nonvenomous reptiles are expressly listed.",
            "Limited exotic emergency availability, normally 8am–5pm seven days/week; call to confirm."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "ncsu-er",
            "ncsu-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "small-mammal",
          "label": "Gerbils, hedgehogs and sugar gliders",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "Limited exotic emergency availability, normally 8am–5pm seven days/week; call to confirm.",
            "After-hours wording is narrower on the exotics page."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "ncsu-er",
            "ncsu-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "amphibian",
          "label": "Amphibians, including toads and frogs",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "Limited exotic emergency availability, normally 8am–5pm seven days/week; call to confirm.",
            "After-hours wording is narrower on the exotics page."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "ncsu-er",
            "ncsu-exotics"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        "Two current university pages give differently qualified emergency availability: the ER page states limited exotic cases 8am–5pm seven days/week; the exotics page says daytime emergencies for new/existing clients and after-hours care for species not routinely handled by other ER hospitals. No universal after-hours acceptance is asserted.",
        "The recorded phone is the small-animal emergency number, not the separate daytime exotics appointment line.",
        "Published service availability is not live capacity."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "ncsu-er",
          "url": "https://hospital.cvm.ncsu.edu/clients/emergency/",
          "title": "Emergency Services and Critical Care",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "address",
            "phone",
            "hours",
            "intake",
            "species.emergencyStatus",
            "notes"
          ],
          "accessNote": "University ER page publishes 24/7 general ER, limited exotic availability 7 days 8am–5pm, no appointment needed and calling ahead encouraged."
        },
        {
          "id": "ncsu-exotics",
          "url": "https://hospital.cvm.ncsu.edu/services/exotics/",
          "title": "Exotics",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "species",
            "intake.referral",
            "hours",
            "notes"
          ],
          "accessNote": "University service page names the animal groups, welcomes the public, states daytime emergencies for new/existing clients, and describes qualified after-hours access."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "south-uf-gainesville-fl",
      "name": "University of Florida Small Animal Hospital",
      "city": "Gainesville",
      "state": "FL",
      "region": "South",
      "address": "2089 SW 16th Ave., Gainesville, FL 32608",
      "phone": "+1-352-392-2235",
      "website": "https://smallanimal.vethospital.ufl.edu/",
      "facilityType": "university",
      "hours": {
        "label": "General emergency service: 24 hours daily, seven days/week, year-round. Species-specific zoological service and referral arrangements should be confirmed by phone.",
        "coverage": "24/7",
        "timezone": "America/New_York"
      },
      "intake": {
        "callAhead": true,
        "referral": "conditional",
        "walkIns": true,
        "notes": [
          "The ER welcomes referrals and walk-in emergencies.",
          "For zoological emergency referrals, the referring veterinarian must consult a faculty member by phone before sending the client to Gainesville.",
          "That referral guideline does not state that every owner walk-in requires a veterinary referral; confirm the species and arrival plan by phone."
        ]
      },
      "species": [
        {
          "id": "dog",
          "label": "Dogs",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [],
          "sourceIds": [
            "uf-er"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "cat",
          "label": "Cats",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [],
          "sourceIds": [
            "uf-er"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "rabbit",
          "label": "Rabbits",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Zoological Medicine explicitly lists rabbits for primary and emergency care.",
            "Faculty phone consultation is required before a veterinarian sends a zoological emergency referral."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "uf-zoo",
            "uf-zoo-referrals"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "ferret",
          "label": "Ferrets",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Zoological Medicine explicitly lists ferrets for primary and emergency care.",
            "Faculty phone consultation is required before a veterinarian sends a zoological emergency referral."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "uf-zoo",
            "uf-zoo-referrals"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "bird",
          "label": "Birds",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "The ER explicitly includes birds.",
            "Faculty phone consultation is required for zoological emergency referrals."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "uf-er",
            "uf-zoo",
            "uf-zoo-referrals"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "reptile",
          "label": "Reptiles",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "The ER explicitly includes reptiles; Zoological Medicine also lists venomous snakes.",
            "For venomous or otherwise unusual species, confirm safe intake arrangements by phone.",
            "Faculty phone consultation is required for zoological emergency referrals."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "uf-er",
            "uf-zoo",
            "uf-zoo-referrals"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "small-mammal",
          "label": "Hamsters, guinea pigs, hedgehogs, chinchillas, rodents and sugar gliders",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "The ER explicitly includes small mammals; the zoological emergency list supplies the named examples.",
            "Faculty phone consultation is required for zoological emergency referrals."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "uf-er",
            "uf-zoo",
            "uf-zoo-referrals"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "amphibian",
          "label": "Amphibians",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Named on Zoological Medicine's primary and emergency care list; species-specific hours are not separately published.",
            "Faculty phone consultation is required for zoological emergency referrals."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "uf-zoo",
            "uf-zoo-referrals"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        "Use the Veterinary Emergency Entrance on the west side of the building, accessible from Shealy Drive.",
        "The ER's around-the-clock emergency/critical-care specialist statement does not establish that an exotic specialist is physically available 24/7.",
        "Published ER hours and species lists do not establish current intake capacity."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "uf-er",
          "url": "https://smallanimal.vethospital.ufl.edu/clinical-services/emergency-critical-care/",
          "title": "Emergency & Critical Care",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "address",
            "phone",
            "hours",
            "intake.walkIns",
            "species.dog",
            "species.cat",
            "species.bird",
            "species.reptile",
            "species.small-mammal",
            "notes"
          ],
          "accessNote": "University ER page explicitly includes small mammals, birds and reptiles in 24/7 emergency service, welcomes walk-ins/referrals and specifies the west-side ER entrance."
        },
        {
          "id": "uf-zoo",
          "url": "https://smallanimal.vethospital.ufl.edu/clinical-services/zoological-medicine/",
          "title": "Zoological Medicine",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "species",
            "notes"
          ],
          "accessNote": "University service page explicitly introduces its animal list as primary and emergency care, including rabbits, ferrets, named small mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians."
        },
        {
          "id": "uf-zoo-referrals",
          "url": "https://smallanimal.vethospital.ufl.edu/contact-us/referring-veterinarians/zoological-medicine-referral-guidelines/",
          "title": "Zoological Medicine Referral Guidelines",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "intake.referral",
            "intake.callAhead",
            "species.conditions"
          ],
          "accessNote": "For referring veterinarians: a faculty phone consultation is required before sending zoological emergency clients to Gainesville."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "south-veg-west-nashville-tn",
      "name": "VEG West Nashville",
      "city": "Nashville",
      "state": "TN",
      "region": "South",
      "address": "3736 Annex Avenue, Nashville, TN 37209",
      "phone": "+1-615-205-2463",
      "website": "https://www.veg.com/locations/tennessee/west-nashville",
      "facilityType": "hospital",
      "hours": {
        "label": "Emergency and urgent care advertised 24/7, including weekends and holidays.",
        "coverage": "24/7",
        "timezone": "America/Chicago"
      },
      "intake": {
        "callAhead": true,
        "referral": "not-required",
        "walkIns": true,
        "notes": [
          "Local hospital page advertises no appointments and walk-in intake 24/7; calling first is recommended, not required.",
          "Confirm the individual species and current ability to receive the animal by phone."
        ]
      },
      "species": [
        {
          "id": "dog",
          "label": "Dogs",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [],
          "sourceIds": [
            "veg-nashville"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "cat",
          "label": "Cats",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [],
          "sourceIds": [
            "veg-nashville"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "bird",
          "label": "Birds",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Named as avians on the location's ER-care page."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "veg-nashville"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "reptile",
          "label": "Reptiles; nonvenomous snakes only",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Local page explicitly names reptiles; corporate species policy limits snake acceptance to nonvenomous snakes."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "veg-nashville",
            "veg-species"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "small-mammal",
          "label": "Rodents",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Rodents are expressly named on the location's ER-care page; the corporate list also includes guinea pigs."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "veg-nashville",
            "veg-species"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "rabbit",
          "label": "Rabbits",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "Corporate ER species policy explicitly names rabbits; the location-specific page does not name rabbits separately.",
            "Call the West Nashville hospital to confirm species-specific intake."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "veg-species",
            "veg-nashville"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "ferret",
          "label": "Ferrets",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "Corporate ER species policy explicitly names ferrets; the location-specific page does not name ferrets separately.",
            "Call the West Nashville hospital to confirm species-specific intake."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "veg-species",
            "veg-nashville"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        "Local-page evidence supports birds, reptiles and rodents directly; rabbit/ferret claims are retained as conditional because their named evidence is corporate policy.",
        "The local page contains a generic template phone near its top; the recorded number is the repeated West Nashville-specific 615-205-2463.",
        "No live capacity or board-certified exotic specialist presence has been established."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "veg-nashville",
          "url": "https://www.veg.com/locations/tennessee/west-nashville",
          "title": "24 Hour Emergency Vet in West Nashville, TN",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "address",
            "phone",
            "hours",
            "intake",
            "species.dog",
            "species.cat",
            "species.bird",
            "species.reptile",
            "species.small-mammal",
            "notes"
          ],
          "accessNote": "Location-specific operator page names avians, reptiles and rodents for ER care, publishes local address/phone and 24/7 walk-ins, and recommends calling first."
        },
        {
          "id": "veg-species",
          "url": "https://www.veg.com/services-pets",
          "title": "Pets We See | VEG ER for Pets",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "species.rabbit",
            "species.ferret",
            "species.reptile.conditions",
            "notes"
          ],
          "accessNote": "Corporate emergency/urgent-care species policy names rabbits, ferrets, guinea pigs, birds and reptiles; snakes are nonvenomous only. This is broader than local named-species evidence."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "west-uc-davis-companion-exotics",
      "name": "UC Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital - Companion Exotics Emergency",
      "city": "Davis",
      "state": "CA",
      "region": "West",
      "address": "1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA 95616; weekday exotic receiving: Small Animal Reception B, 1115 Vet Med Circle",
      "phone": "+1-530-752-1393",
      "website": "https://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/hospital/small-animal/exotics",
      "facilityType": "university",
      "hours": {
        "label": "Companion-exotics emergency receiving: Monday-Friday 08:00-17:00; weekends and holidays 09:00-17:00.",
        "coverage": "scheduled",
        "timezone": "America/Los_Angeles"
      },
      "intake": {
        "callAhead": true,
        "referral": "unknown",
        "walkIns": null,
        "notes": [
          "Call the exotics team before arrival.",
          "Weekdays use Small Animal Reception B; weekends and holidays use Small Animal Reception A. Follow university directions to the appropriate reception parking lot."
        ]
      },
      "species": [
        {
          "id": "rabbit",
          "label": "Rabbits",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Dedicated exotics emergency receiving hours apply."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "ucd-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "ferret",
          "label": "Ferrets",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Dedicated exotics emergency receiving hours apply."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "ucd-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "bird",
          "label": "Companion birds; listed examples include parrots and chickens",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Dedicated exotics emergency receiving hours apply; wildlife has separate restrictions."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "ucd-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "reptile",
          "label": "Snakes, lizards, turtles and tortoises",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Venomous snakes are not accepted; dedicated receiving hours apply."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "ucd-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "small-mammal",
          "label": "Rodents, hedgehogs and sugar gliders",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Listed rodents include guinea pigs, chinchillas, rats, mice and hamsters."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "ucd-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "amphibian",
          "label": "Frogs, toads and salamanders",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Dedicated exotics emergency receiving hours apply."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "ucd-exotics"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        "This record covers companion-exotic emergency intake, not the hospital's separate 24/7 dog/cat or large-animal ER.",
        "Published receiving hours do not confirm live capacity or an available appointment."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "ucd-exotics",
          "url": "https://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/hospital/small-animal/exotics",
          "title": "Companion Exotic Animal Medicine & Surgery Service",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "species",
            "exotic emergency intake",
            "receiving hours",
            "call ahead",
            "reception",
            "address",
            "exclusions"
          ],
          "accessNote": null
        },
        {
          "id": "ucd-emergency",
          "url": "https://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/hospital/emergency",
          "title": "Emergency Services and Directions",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "emergency phone",
            "exotic receiving hours",
            "reception parking directions"
          ],
          "accessNote": "Exotic hours are listed separately from the 24/7 dog/cat and large-animal services."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "west-cbeam-bothell",
      "name": "Center for Bird and Exotic Animal Medicine",
      "city": "Bothell",
      "state": "WA",
      "region": "West",
      "address": "11401 NE 195th Street, Bothell, WA 98011",
      "phone": "+1-425-892-0036",
      "website": "https://www.theexoticvet.com/emergency",
      "facilityType": "hospital",
      "hours": {
        "label": "Exotic emergency and critical-care service advertised 24 hours daily, 365 days per year.",
        "coverage": "24/7",
        "timezone": "America/Los_Angeles"
      },
      "intake": {
        "callAhead": true,
        "referral": "unknown",
        "walkIns": true,
        "notes": [
          "Walk-in emergencies are accepted; advance calling is requested when possible.",
          "Stable patients may be given a specific arrival time during a high emergency caseload."
        ]
      },
      "species": [
        {
          "id": "rabbit",
          "label": "Rabbits",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Named in the emergency/critical-care page's treated-patient examples."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "cbeam-emergency"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "ferret",
          "label": "Ferrets",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Named in emergency/critical-care treatment examples."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "cbeam-emergency"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "bird",
          "label": "Birds",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Exotic-only emergency service; confirm exact taxon and intake on the call."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "cbeam-emergency"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "reptile",
          "label": "Reptiles",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Emergency page names reptile patients and emergency presentations; confirm exact taxon."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "cbeam-emergency"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "small-mammal",
          "label": "Rats, hedgehogs and sugar gliders",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Named in emergency/critical-care treatment examples."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "cbeam-emergency"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        "The emergency number is 425-892-0036; the public general switchboard is 425-486-9000.",
        "The operator advertises on-site exotic emergency veterinarians around the clock; this is not a claim that a board-certified specialist is available for every taxon or that capacity is currently open."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "cbeam-emergency",
          "url": "https://www.theexoticvet.com/emergency",
          "title": "Exotic Pet Emergency",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "emergency phone",
            "address",
            "24/7 exotic emergency care",
            "walk-ins",
            "call ahead",
            "species-linked critical care"
          ],
          "accessNote": "Emergency page itself names rabbits, ferrets, rats, hedgehogs, sugar gliders, birds and reptile patients; not inferred from routine services."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "west-dovelewis-portland",
      "name": "DoveLewis Veterinary Emergency & Specialty Hospital",
      "city": "Portland",
      "state": "OR",
      "region": "West",
      "address": "1945 NW Pettygrove Street, Portland, OR 97209",
      "phone": "+1-503-228-7281",
      "website": "https://www.dovelewis.org/services/exotics-care",
      "facilityType": "hospital",
      "hours": {
        "label": "ER advertised 24/7; optional exotic urgent-care appointments are distinct from walk-in emergency receiving.",
        "coverage": "24/7",
        "timezone": "America/Los_Angeles"
      },
      "intake": {
        "callAhead": null,
        "referral": "not-required",
        "walkIns": true,
        "notes": [
          "The exotics page welcomes clients directly to the ER as well as referrals.",
          "Appointments are available for exotic care but are not required for ER intake."
        ]
      },
      "species": [
        {
          "id": "bird",
          "label": "Birds, including parrots, chickens and domestic poultry",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Listed directly in the exotic urgent/emergency care section."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "dove-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "reptile",
          "label": "Reptiles",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Listed directly in the exotic urgent/emergency care section; confirm exact species."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "dove-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "amphibian",
          "label": "Amphibians",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Listed directly in the exotic urgent/emergency care section; confirm exact species."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "dove-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "small-mammal",
          "label": "Exotic mammals",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Mammals are listed as a group; no universal taxon or live-capacity guarantee is inferred."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "dove-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "rabbit",
          "label": "Rabbits",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "The intake page covers exotic mammals broadly but does not name rabbits individually; confirm exact-species intake."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "dove-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "ferret",
          "label": "Ferrets",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "The intake page covers exotic mammals broadly but does not name ferrets individually; confirm exact-species intake."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "dove-exotics"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        "The source directly connects exotic species with urgent and emergency care; it is not merely a routine-exotics page paired with general ER hours.",
        "No claim is made that the named exotic-focused veterinarians are on site throughout every ER shift."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "dove-exotics",
          "url": "https://www.dovelewis.org/services/exotics-care",
          "title": "Exotics Care",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "species groups",
            "24/7 exotic ER",
            "direct ER intake",
            "referrals",
            "appointments optional",
            "address",
            "phone"
          ],
          "accessNote": null
        },
        {
          "id": "dove-faq",
          "url": "https://www.dovelewis.org/faqs",
          "title": "Emergency Vet Visits Made Simple",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "walk-in ER",
            "no appointment",
            "triage"
          ],
          "accessNote": "General ER FAQ supplements, rather than supplies, the exotic-specific emergency linkage."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "west-csu-fort-collins",
      "name": "Colorado State University Veterinary Hospital and Education Complex",
      "city": "Fort Collins",
      "state": "CO",
      "region": "West",
      "address": "300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523",
      "phone": "+1-970-297-5000",
      "website": "https://csuveterinaryhealth.org/services/emergency-and-critical-care/",
      "facilityType": "university",
      "hours": {
        "label": "Hospital ER and critical care advertised 24/7 including holidays; individual exotic-species intake and specialist presence require confirmation.",
        "coverage": "24/7",
        "timezone": "America/Denver"
      },
      "intake": {
        "callAhead": true,
        "referral": "not-required",
        "walkIns": true,
        "notes": [
          "Call the ER triage line to prepare for arrival and confirm exact-species capability.",
          "University emergency guidance says no appointment or referral is required."
        ]
      },
      "species": [
        {
          "id": "dog",
          "label": "Dogs",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [],
          "sourceIds": [
            "csu-emergency"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "cat",
          "label": "Cats",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [],
          "sourceIds": [
            "csu-emergency"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "rabbit",
          "label": "Rabbits",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "Current ER explicitly accepts exotic pets; rabbits are named by the exotics service, but individual-species overnight coverage is not stated."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "csu-emergency",
            "csu-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "ferret",
          "label": "Ferrets",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "Named by the exotics service; confirm emergency intake and after-hours capability."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "csu-emergency",
            "csu-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "bird",
          "label": "Companion birds; backyard chickens explicitly mentioned in university ER guidance",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "Confirm exact bird and isolation requirements; individual-species after-hours staffing is unstated.",
            "Poultry and waterfowl appointments use an isolation ward."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "csu-emergency",
            "csu-exotics",
            "csu-er-guidance"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "reptile",
          "label": "Snakes, lizards, turtles and tortoises",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "Named by the exotics service; confirm emergency intake for the precise taxon."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "csu-emergency",
            "csu-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "small-mammal",
          "label": "Guinea pigs, chinchillas, rodents, sugar gliders and hedgehogs",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "Named by the exotics service; confirm emergency intake for the precise taxon."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "csu-emergency",
            "csu-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "amphibian",
          "label": "Frogs, salamanders, newts and toads",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "Named by the exotics service; confirm emergency intake and after-hours capability."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "csu-emergency",
            "csu-exotics"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        "The current ER page has an exotic-pet emergency examination fee and describes possible phone consultation with the exotics service; this supports exotic ER intake but not a specialist physically present 24/7.",
        "The dated 2025 guidance explicitly includes exotic emergencies; current service and location pages were also checked."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "csu-emergency",
          "url": "https://csuveterinaryhealth.org/services/emergency-and-critical-care/",
          "title": "Emergency and Critical Care",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "24/7 hospital ER",
            "exotic emergency intake",
            "phone",
            "call ahead",
            "triage",
            "specialty consultation"
          ],
          "accessNote": "Current ER page explicitly lists an exotic-pet emergency visit; species-specific overnight capability remains unstated."
        },
        {
          "id": "csu-exotics",
          "url": "https://csuveterinaryhealth.org/services/avian-exotics-and-zoological-care/",
          "title": "Avian, Exotics, and Zoological Care",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "species list",
            "poultry isolation",
            "exotics service"
          ],
          "accessNote": "Species list alone is not treated as proof every listed taxon is accepted into ER on every shift."
        },
        {
          "id": "csu-location",
          "url": "https://csuveterinaryhealth.org/locations/veterinary-hospital-education-complex/",
          "title": "Veterinary Hospital and Education Complex",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "physical hospital address",
            "phone",
            "ER hours"
          ],
          "accessNote": null
        },
        {
          "id": "csu-er-guidance",
          "url": "https://csuveterinaryhealth.org/pet-emergency-csu-small-animal-er-open-24-7-for-urgent-and-critical-care/",
          "title": "Pet emergency? CSU small-animal ER open 24/7 for urgent and critical care",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": "2025-04-22",
          "fields": [
            "exotic emergency linkage",
            "no appointment or referral",
            "triage phone",
            "physical address"
          ],
          "accessNote": null
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "west-north-boulder",
      "name": "North Boulder Companion Animal Hospital",
      "city": "Boulder",
      "state": "CO",
      "region": "West",
      "address": "2750 Glenwood Drive, Suite 9, Boulder, CO 80304",
      "phone": "+1-303-443-9003",
      "website": "https://www.northbouldervet.com/site/veterinary-services-boulder/avian-exotics",
      "facilityType": "hospital",
      "hours": {
        "label": "Hospital contact page: Monday-Friday 08:00-18:00; Saturday 08:00-14:00; Sunday 12:00-16:00. Exotic urgent acceptance is availability-dependent.",
        "coverage": "scheduled",
        "timezone": "America/Denver"
      },
      "intake": {
        "callAhead": true,
        "referral": "unknown",
        "walkIns": true,
        "notes": [
          "Attempts work-in and same-day walk-in exotic emergency/urgent appointments when feasible; call for availability.",
          "May refer to an exotic specialty facility when unable to accommodate a case; overnight/weekend recommendations are separate.",
          "Possible referral onward to a specialist describes treatment limits; an incoming referral requirement was not established."
        ]
      },
      "species": [
        {
          "id": "rabbit",
          "label": "Rabbits",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "Named among treated exotics; daytime emergency work-in is subject to capacity."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "nb-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "ferret",
          "label": "Ferrets",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "Named among treated exotics; daytime emergency work-in is subject to capacity."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "nb-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "bird",
          "label": "Canaries, parrots, finches and other birds",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "Exotic page explicitly describes critically sick bird care during daytime hours; call before arrival."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "nb-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "reptile",
          "label": "Snakes, lizards, turtles and tortoises",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "Named among treated exotics; urgent work-in is subject to availability."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "nb-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "small-mammal",
          "label": "Hedgehogs, chinchillas, hamsters, gerbils, sugar gliders and guinea pigs",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "Named among treated exotics; urgent work-in is subject to availability."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "nb-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "amphibian",
          "label": "Amphibians",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "Service heading includes amphibians but exact taxa and urgent availability must be confirmed."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "nb-exotics"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        "The exotics page explicitly discusses daytime emergency and urgent work-ins, rather than only wellness care.",
        "The exotics page mentions overnight/weekend referrals while the contact page lists weekend office hours; weekend exotic staffing is not established.",
        "Published office hours are not a 24-hour ER claim."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "nb-exotics",
          "url": "https://www.northbouldervet.com/site/veterinary-services-boulder/avian-exotics",
          "title": "Avian & Exotic Pets",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "species",
            "daytime emergency/urgent work-ins",
            "call ahead",
            "capacity condition",
            "specialty referral",
            "address",
            "phone"
          ],
          "accessNote": null
        },
        {
          "id": "nb-contact",
          "url": "https://www.northbouldervet.com/site/contact-animal-hospital-boulder-vet",
          "title": "Contact Us - Open 7 Days a Week",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "address",
            "phone",
            "hospital hours",
            "emergencies when feasible"
          ],
          "accessNote": null
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "west-queen-creek",
      "name": "Queen Creek Veterinary Clinic",
      "city": "Queen Creek",
      "state": "AZ",
      "region": "West",
      "address": "20201 East Ocotillo Road, Queen Creek, AZ 85142",
      "phone": "+1-480-987-8000",
      "website": "https://qcvetclinic.com/exotics/",
      "facilityType": "hospital",
      "hours": {
        "label": "Clinic 07:00-19:00 daily, excluding major holidays; not a 24-hour exotic ER.",
        "coverage": "scheduled",
        "timezone": "America/Phoenix"
      },
      "intake": {
        "callAhead": true,
        "referral": "unknown",
        "walkIns": null,
        "notes": [
          "Call to confirm a rabbit-experienced veterinarian.",
          "Severe distress, breathing difficulty and egg binding are referred to specialty care.",
          "Possible referral onward to a specialist describes treatment limits; an incoming referral requirement was not established."
        ]
      },
      "species": [
        {
          "id": "rabbit",
          "label": "Rabbits - limited emergency care",
          "emergencyStatus": "explicit",
          "conditions": [
            "Limited emergency care; clinician availability and case suitability must be confirmed."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "qc-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "ferret",
          "label": "Ferrets",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "Listed for routine care; emergency intake unconfirmed."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "qc-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "bird",
          "label": "Small avian pets",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "Excludes macaws, cockatoos and chickens; emergency capability requires confirmation."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "qc-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "reptile",
          "label": "Listed non-venomous reptiles",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "Non-venomous listed reptiles; excludes chameleons. Confirm emergency capability."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "qc-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "small-mammal",
          "label": "Guinea pigs, hamsters, chinchillas and rats",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "Excludes sugar gliders; emergency capability unconfirmed."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "qc-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "amphibian",
          "label": "Frogs",
          "emergencyStatus": "conditional",
          "conditions": [
            "Routine frogs listed; emergency capability unconfirmed."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "qc-exotics"
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "farm",
          "label": "Farm animals",
          "emergencyStatus": "not-accepted",
          "conditions": [
            "No longer seen."
          ],
          "sourceIds": [
            "qc-exotics"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "notes": [
        "Rabbit emergencies are explicitly limited; other exotic emergency scope remains unconfirmed.",
        "Other hospitals' 24-hour referral hours do not apply here."
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "qc-exotics",
          "url": "https://qcvetclinic.com/exotics/",
          "title": "Exotics",
          "checkedAt": "2026-10-25",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "fields": [
            "rabbit limited emergency care",
            "call ahead",
            "species and exclusions",
            "severe-case referrals",
            "clinic hours",
            "physical address",
            "phone"
          ],
          "accessNote": "Exotics page directly read; separate contact fetch returned 403. No bypass or directory data used. Independent normalization recheck of this same exotics URL returned HTTP 403; original researcher evidence retained without a bypass."
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}
